Welcome to the Academia Toolkit
The Academia Worker Toolkit was developed using a two-pronged approach: 1) information about existing interventions from the academic literature and internet searches and 2) what we heard and learned from research participants in our worker surveys, worker interviews, and stakeholder interviews.
Review of Existing Interventions
Our research team reviewed existing academic literature and conducted internet searches for 1) interventions that were developed specifically for academia and 2) generic interventions from reputable sources that could potentially be tailored for use in academia.
HPW Worker Surveys
As part of a larger study of Canadian professional workers, 379 academics completed a survey about their experiences with mental health, leaves of absences, and return to work between November 2020 and May 2021.
60% (n = 226) reported having experienced a mental health issue over the course of their career or training.
Of these 226 academics, many made changes to their work and considered taking a leave of absence, but only 23% (n = 53) actually took a leave of absence.
HPW Worker and Stakeholder Interviews
Our research team conducted in-depth interviews with workers and stakeholders, in French or English between January and July 2021, addressing mental health, leaves of absence, and return to work pathways in academia. We conducted 34 interviews with academic workers with a range of characteristics and 18 interviews with a range of stakeholders, representing interests of unions, professional associations, supervisors/managers, universities, insurers, and those representing cross-cutting expertise.
Evidence-Informed Interventions
Our research team curated information on existing interventions and generated ideas from our own research for academic-specific interventions that take into consideration the unique environment and challenges in the academic profession and culture. These ideas for not (yet) existing interventions are intended to spur further discussion and empirical research aimed at developing interventions focusing on structural rather than individual-level change.
Mental Health in the Workplace
In addition to workplace programs to prevent mental health problems and to intervene when employees show signs of struggling, it is also important for organizations to provide return-to-work and stay-at-work accommodations for employees experiencing mental ill-health. This article discusses the importance of accommodations and reviews existing research findings in the context of workplace mental health programming.
Getting Rid of Stupid Stuff
Getting Rid of Stupid Stuff was developed as an intervention to address burdensome and unncessary work tasks and processes (e.g., electronic health record tasks) that contribute to burnout in physicians and other clinicians. Although the work of academics differs from that of clinicians, this form of department-level intervention could also be considered to reduce workload in academia.
Faculty Burnout is Real and Cannot be Wished Away
This podcast episode discuses some of the key drivers leading to faculty burnout, such as weak workplace culture that contributes to a perception of an unsupportive work environment . They offer strategies for training deans and department chairs to be more effective at managing the issue.
Mental Health Awareness Training (MHAT)
The 3-hour mental health awareness training (MHAT) is one of the first scientifically evaluated workplace mental health training programs to result in changes in leaders’ behaviors, increased employee resource-use, and lower disability claim duration over time. The training provides leaders, managers, and front-line supervisors with the skills to respond to workplace mental health issues.
Right to Disconnect
The widespread use of email for communicating means that academics are continuously receiving work-related communications from the university and students. Both universities and faculty need to understand that it is important to set realistic expectations for when faculty will be available to respond to email. Many jurisdictions are either considering or having passed legislation to establish employee rights to disconnect from work, meaning that employees have the right not to engage in work-related communications outside of work hours. For example, the province of Ontario requires all employers with 25 or more employees to provide employees with a written policy explaining the employee's right to disconnect in accordance with employee rights as set out by the Employment Standards Act.
Budgeting for Employee Absences
Universities depend on the people they employ in order to function, and it is unavoidable that people will experience illness whether for physical or mental health reasons. Salary paid to employees who are away from work needs to be factored into university budgets such that funds are available to pay replacement staff.
Distress Postcard
A distress postcard with the university numbers on who to call for assistance on matters related to mental health crises can be distributed throughout the university.
HR Checklist
The concept for an HR checklist is for HR staff to have a procedure to follow when contacted by faculty or staff who are ill or experiencing a major life event that is causing distress.
Unions can help navigate the system
Faculty and staff may not be aware that unions can help navigate the process of taking leave of absence or requesting accommodations from the university.
Accomodation Strategies
This toolkit provides a framework to identify and develop accommodations using strategies that 1) safely support productivity for employees with mental health issues who are at work or returning to work and 2) engage employees in solutions related to performance and well-being.
Crucial Conversations
Effective communication is essential for success in any workplace, as it can help build relationships, increase productivity, and create a positive work environment.Crucial Conversations is a course that teaches nine powerful skills for working through disagreement to achieve better results.
Dragonfly Mental Health
Evidence based programs created by academics in the form of seminars, tailored specifically to address mental health in academia. They have identified five domains of excellence in cultivating a health workplace in an academic setting including mental health literacy, fighting stigma, peer networks, dept. committees, and skills training.
Wellbeing Resource Hub
Wellbeing and mental health resources centralized in one, easy to find, location both digitally and in print.
Not Myself Today
CMHA’s Not Myself Today workplace mental health programs, to build greater awareness about mental health, reduce stigma and to foster safe working cultures. This program is not intended to provide mental services directly to employees but instead geared towards the university administration or department to provide "turn key activities, and printed materials" and access to a members portal to create prorams that benefit the workplace at large.
Clearing Your Plate
Clearing Your Plate is an idea for an individual-level intervention that academics can consider to help manage their workload.
Knowing Your Rights
It is important for all employees, including academics, to know the rights that they are entitled to and the standards that their employer must adhere to as set out by collective agreements, provincial and territorial employment standards (e.g., Ontario's Employment Standards Act), and federal legislation such as the Canadian Human Rights Act. As an employee with a mental health problem, knowing your rights can help you access support (e.g., job accommodations, sick days, leave of absences), protect you from discrimination, and ensure your privacy. Unionized employees can get support understanding their rights by contacting union representatives who are well versed in employment legislation and collective agreements with the employer.
Requesting Accomodations
Employees can use the information in this toolkit to request a plan or accommodation to address workplace issues. Ideas include considering asking for an accommodation and discussing the various possibilities based on your individual needs with your dept. head or the university's HR/wellness center.
The Working Mind
The Working Mind is a course given by the Mental Health Commission of Canada to promote the discussions around MH, reducing stigma, resiliency and how to approach those conversations. Faculty can experience mental health issues such as stress, burnout, and anxiety among others. Promoting mental health in the workplace and reducing stigma can lead to more supportive environments, better mental health outcomes and a reduction in discrimination.
Coworker Health Awareness Training
The 1.5-hour coworker health awareness training (CHAT) can be delivered in person or via online webinar. Employees are educated about mental health and mental health problems, how to practice self-care to help prevent and/or manage stress, how to take action when they recognize warning signs within themselves and others in the workplace, and how to navigate short and long-term disability and return-to-work.
Canadian Mental Health Association Workplace Mental Health Training
The CMHA's workplace mental health specialists develop tailored workplace mental health training. They provide customized evidence-based programs to create a psychological safe and healthy workplace.
Universities depend on the people they employ in order to function, and it is unavoidable that people will experience illness whether for physical or mental health reasons. Salary paid to employees who are away from work needs to be factored into university budgets such that funds are available to pay replacement staff.